Crecimiento y producción de una plantación subtropical de eucalipto en un suelo degradado del Noreste de México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2017.2331130Palabras clave:
plantas exóticas, producción de madera, crecimiento, sobrevivencia, zonas semiáridas, reforestaciónResumen
En las últimas tres décadas, las especies leñosas potencialmente útiles para la reforestación, producción de leña, carbón y madera han sido sobreexplotadas en la costa del Golfo de México, lo cual ha dado lugar a una paulatina disminución de la población vegetal y la degradación progresiva del ambiente. En la presente investigación se evaluó el establecimiento, la adaptabilidad, el desarrollo y la producción de leña y carbón de un cultivo de cinco especies de eucalipto por un período de 20 años en parcelas dispuestas al azar en un terreno desmontado con suelo profundo, franco-arcilloso y ligeramente alcalino de la región semiárida del noreste de México. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. tereticornis y E. microtheca mostraron la mayor tasa de crecimiento en altura promedio (1.07 m año-1, 0.93 m año-1 y 0.85 m año-1, respectivamente). E. camaldulensis mostró los valores de volumen más altos a los 20 años (58.55 m3 ha−1), seguido de E. tereticornis (54.15 m3 ha−1) y E. microtheca (51.91 m3 ha-1). E. sideroxylun y E. crebra arrojaron los volúmenes arbóreos más bajos (35.12 m3 ha−1 y 30.45 m3ha−1, respectivamente). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la adaptabilidad de las especies de eucalipto al clima de las regiones subtropicales permite su uso en combinación con la vegetación nativa en áreas degradadas ofreciendo servicios en productos maderables y no maderables a la población local. Además, la producción de árboles exóticos de gran diámetro y con pocas ramas laterales puede aumentar el volumen de la madera explotada, los ingresos del propietario de los terrenos y disminuir así la presión sobre las especies nativas.
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