Estimación alométrica de biomasa arbórea mediante un enfoque generalizado a nivel de especie y multiespecie
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2021.2742434Palabras clave:
carbono, ecosistemas terrestres, estimaciones específicas y generalizadas, relación entre exponentes alométricos, punto común de intersecciónResumen
Los ecosistemas terrestres tienen almacenes en la biomasa aérea (B) de alta importancia para acciones de mitigación del cambio climático a través de mecanismos tales como REDD+. Para obtener posibles compensaciones financieras por evitar deforestar o degradar los bosques, además de la conservación, incrementar los almacenes de carbono y manejo forestal sustentable, es necesario evaluar los errores de estimación de biomasa y carbono, que generalmente están asociados al modelo alométrico usado. Los modelos alométricos sobre las relaciones entre diámetro normal (D) y altura total (H) con la biomasa usan técnicas estadísticas que no aprovechan las relaciones entre los parámetros de los modelos, ni las relaciones entre las constantes y exponentes de cada modelo, por lo que en este trabajo se presenta un marco teórico generalizado aplicable a nivel de monoespecies y multiespecies, el cual fue aplicado a un conjunto de 684 mediciones de D, H y B, provenientes de 23 bases de datos de especies individuales. Los resultados obtenidos, cuando se cuenta con datos, prácticamente no presentaron error cuando se consideraron todos los parámetros. Cuando faltó información de un parámetro, las estimaciones realizadas con diferentes aproximaciones mostraron errores de estimación comparables con los obtenidos por los métodos clásicos de generación de modelos alométricos generalizados. El proceso metodológico desarrollado sirve de base para plantear cambios en los enfoques de generación de información alométrica, para simplificar modelos y para reducir los errores en la estimación de la biomasa y el carbono.
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