Reservas de carbono y micromorfología de la materia orgánica en suelos ribereños en tres ecosistemas de alta montaña: volcán Iztaccíhuatl
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2022.2822469Palabras clave:
catena, factores hidromorfológicos, humedales, llanuras de inundación, uso de suelo, ríosResumen
Los suelos ribereños se reconocen como regiones importantes de almacenamiento de carbono. Sin embargo, los diferentes factores hidromorfológicos de los gradientes ribereños, así como el uso del suelo, pueden influir en la distribución y concentración de carbono orgánico del suelo (COS). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las concentraciones de COS en catenas de suelos ribereños y caracterizar la materia orgánica del suelo (MOS) a escala micromorfológica en tres ecosistemas ribereños del volcán Iztaccíhuatl (pastizales, bosques y zona agrícola). En cada sitio se colectaron muestras alteradas e inalteradas en perfiles de suelos en una catena perpendicular a la corriente. En el laboratorio se determinó el COS en la fracción de tierra fina y se describió la micromorfología de la MOS en secciones delgadas. El COS varió de acuerdo con la vegetación y el uso de suelo (pastizal 38.95 kg m-2 > bosque 34.40 kg m-2 > zona agrícola 17.77 kg m-2). Los valores más altos de COS ocurren en los suelos más cercanos a la corriente hasta 68.92 kg m-2. La MOS presenta diferentes residuos orgánicos y etapas de descomposición y con mayor abundancia en el subsuelo ribereño donde las condiciones de hidromorfismo limitan su mineralización. Los suelos ribereños tienen un mayor potencial para acumular carbono (halóctono y autóctono) que las tierras altas adyacentes. Asimismo, la degradación de estos ecosistemas repercute en el almacenamiento de carbono y en su papel en la mitigación del cambio climático.
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