Impactos negativos y positivos del cambio climático sobre los manglares: las dos caras de una costosa moneda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2024.3042623Palabras clave:
adaptación, conservación, emisiones de CO2, eventos climáticos extremos, migración, nivel del mar, nivel del suelo, patrones de precipitación, restauración, temperaturaResumen
Los manglares son uno de los ecosistemas más vulnerables y amenazados por los impactos asociados al cambio climático. Su ubicación en la zona costera de las regiones tropicales y subtropicales del planeta los hace testigos en primera línea de los efectos provocados por diversos factores de presión, los cuales se han exacerbado de forma acelerada en los últimos años, como el aumento de la temperatura terrestre y superficial del mar, la frecuencia de eventos climáticos extremos, y del nivel del mar. En el futuro, la magnitud de los impactos no será uniforme a escala global, tampoco la respuesta de las especies de manglar, que depende del contexto geomorfológico y también de la distribución espacial de estos factores y las interacciones entre ellos. Esta respuesta variable también está influenciada por aspectos más locales como el hidroperiodo, las características del suelo, las interacciones ecológicas y por las actividades antrópicas que están causando la degradación de los manglares y que reducen su resiliencia. El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir los cambios y respuestas que se podrían observar en los manglares por causa del cambio climático y presentar algunas evidencias para algunas regiones de México; finalmente se hacen sugerencias de algunas áreas donde se puede incrementar o fortalecer la investigación en el país, pues es necesario incrementar el conocimiento y usarlo para desarrollar estrategias de evaluación y monitoreo a nivel local, regional y nacional que permitan tomar decisiones más acertadas para el manejo y uso del ecosistema a corto, mediano y largo plazo.
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