Effects of Skidder on Soil Compaction, Forest Floor Removal and Rut Formation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2015.212451Palabras clave:
densidad a granel, hojarasca, huella de las llantas, perturbación del suelo, pendiente del terrenoResumen
An extensive field trial was set up to examine the influence of traffic intensity (5, 10, and 15 skidding cycles) (i.e. pass back and forth on the skid trail) and skid trail slope (0-10, 10-20, and > 20)% on soil compaction, forest floor removal, and rut depth after logging. The results showed that dry bulk density and rut depth increased with the increase of traffic frequency and slope, but floor coverage decreased. Within each traffic treatment soil compaction raised with the increase of skid trail slope, so that significant differences in dry bulk density were observed between slopes lower than 20% and those greater than 20%. Bulk density has become quite close to the critical value after 15 cycles. We observed soil rutting on the treatments started with 10 cycles. Soil disturbance increased significantly on slopes with less than 20% inclination with a dry bulk density of 1.157 g cm-3 after 5 cycles compared to 0.923 g cm-3 on slopes lower than 10%. In addition the litter mass on the treatments with 10 cycles and slopes greater than 20% (386.586 kg ha-1) was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than treatments with 15 cycles and slopes lower than 10% (545.382 kg ha-1). Data suggest that disturbance increased earlier in the steep treatments than in less sloping conditions. The dramatic increase of soil disturbance on treatments with slopes greater than 20% may be associated with increasing load on the rear axle combined with slipping on steep slope trail.
Efecto del arrastre en la compactación y remoción de suelo y en la formación de surcos
Se realizó un extenso estudio de campo para examinar la influencia de la intensidad de tráfico (5, 10 y 15 ciclos de arrastre) (es decir, pasar de ida y vuelta en la pista de arrastre) y de la pendiente del terreno de arrastre (0-10, 10-20 y más de 20)% en la compactación del suelo, remoción suelo del bosque y la profundidad de la huella después de la tala. Los resultados mostraron que la densidad de masa seca y la profundidad de las raíces se incrementan conforme lo hacen la frecuencia del tráfico y la pendiente y que la cobertura de suelo disminuyó. Dentro de cada tratamiento de tráfico, la compactación del suelo aumentó con el incremento de la pendiente del terreno, se observaron diferencias significativas en la densidad aparente seca entre la pendiente menor a 20% y la mayor a 20%. La densidad aparente se acerca a su valor crítico después de 15 ciclos. Se observó la formación de surcos en el suelo en los tratamientos de 10 ciclos. La perturbación del suelo aumentó significativamente en las pendientes con más de 20% de inclinación, con una densidad seca aparente de 1,157 g cm-3 después de 5 ciclos en comparación con 0,923 g cm-3 en pendientes menores a 10%. Se observó que la masa de desechos vegetales (hojarasca) en el suelo en los tratamientos con 10 ciclos y laderas de más de 20% (386.586 kg ha-1) fue significativamente más baja (p <0,05) que en los tratamientos con 15 ciclos y laderas de menos de 10% (545,382 kg ha-1). Los datos sugieren que la perturbación se incrementa primero en los terrenos empinados que en aquellos con menor inclinación. El considerable aumento de la perturbación del suelo en los tratamientos con pendientes de más 20% puede estar asociado con el aumento de la carga en el eje trasero combinado con el deslizamiento sobre el terreno empinado.
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