Regeneración natural de sitios de manglar degradado en respuesta a la restauración hidrológica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2019.2511754Palabras clave:
Aviccenia germinans, crecimiento, estructura forestal, evaluación ambiental, plántulas de manglarResumen
Los manglares de Laguna de Términos, Campeche han sido afectados por la pérdida de la conexión hidrológica durante el paso de tormentas y huracanes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la regeneración natural del manglar en un área degradada, después de haber implementado acciones de restauración hidrológica. Se establecieron tres sitios de muestreo con diferentes tiempos de restauración (1 año - 3 años) y un sitio de manglar natural conservado como referencia. El muestreo se realizó en los años 2014 a 2015. Se evaluó densidad, altura, sobrevivencia y tasa de crecimiento de las plántulas, así como las características ambientales. La relación entre la vegetación y las características ambientales se realizaron mediante regresiones lineales simples y un análisis de escalamiento multidimensional. Para determinar la dispersión de propágulos respecto a los manglares naturales, se generó un modelo lineal mixto de la densidad de propágulos vs. la distancia y el tiempo de restauración. Los resultados demostraron que la distancia respecto a los manglares naturales afectó la densidad de los propágulos. La concentración de fosfato se relacionó con la sobrevivencia de las plántulas; mientras que la concentración de amonioy la concentración de sulfuro se relacionaron negativamente con la densidad de las plántulas. Las acciones de restauración hidrológica influyeron en el establecimiento y desarrollo de la vegetación de manglar; por lo tanto, las zonas de manglar natural y la restauración hidrológica facilitaron la dispersión de los propágulos hacia las zonas degradadas, resaltando la importancia de contemplar estas áreas naturales dentro de los proyectos de restauración.
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