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Vol. 25 Núm. 3 (2019): Otoño 2019
Revisiones bibliográficas

La arquitectura hidráulica de las plantas vasculares terrestres, una revisión

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  • Gilberto Alemán-Sancheschúlz,
  • Eloy Solano,
  • Teresa Terrazas,
  • Jorge López-Portillo
Gilberto Alemán-Sancheschúlz
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Biografía
Eloy Solano
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Biografía
Teresa Terrazas
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Biografía
Jorge López-Portillo
Instituto de Ecología, A. C.
Biografía
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2019.2531828

Publicado 2019-12-13

Palabras clave

  • cavitation,
  • cohesion-tension,
  • water stress,
  • water potential,
  • water transport in plants,
  • xylem
    • ...Más
    Menos
  • cavitación,
  • cohesión-tensión,
  • estrés hídrico,
  • potencial hídrico,
  • transporte de agua en las plantas,
  • xilema
    • ...Más
    Menos

Resumen

El transporte de agua en las plantas vasculares terrestres es pasivo y está determinado por la transpiración o pérdida de agua a través de las hojas. La teoría de la cohesión-tensión es la más aceptada para explicar este proceso, y se complementa con la analogía de la ley de Ohm, que analiza el flujo del agua como un proceso catenario. La resistencia al estrés hídrico y a la cavitación está fuertemente asociada con las características anatómicas del xilema, de las punteaduras intervasculares y de sus membranas, estas últimas se alteran en función de las propiedades químicas de la solución acuosa que fluye a través de ellas. Con base en estas premisas, esta revisión aborda el fenómeno del ascenso del agua en las plantas vasculares terrestres y analiza los conceptos, las teorías y los métodos más usados en el estudio de la arquitectura hidráulica. Además, señala las diferencias en la estructura del xilema y el transporte del agua entre dicotiledóneas y monocotiledóneas.

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