La arquitectura hidráulica de las plantas vasculares terrestres, una revisión
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2019.2531828Palabras clave:
cavitación, cohesión-tensión, estrés hídrico, potencial hídrico, transporte de agua en las plantas, xilemaResumen
El transporte de agua en las plantas vasculares terrestres es pasivo y está determinado por la transpiración o pérdida de agua a través de las hojas. La teoría de la cohesión-tensión es la más aceptada para explicar este proceso, y se complementa con la analogía de la ley de Ohm, que analiza el flujo del agua como un proceso catenario. La resistencia al estrés hídrico y a la cavitación está fuertemente asociada con las características anatómicas del xilema, de las punteaduras intervasculares y de sus membranas, estas últimas se alteran en función de las propiedades químicas de la solución acuosa que fluye a través de ellas. Con base en estas premisas, esta revisión aborda el fenómeno del ascenso del agua en las plantas vasculares terrestres y analiza los conceptos, las teorías y los métodos más usados en el estudio de la arquitectura hidráulica. Además, señala las diferencias en la estructura del xilema y el transporte del agua entre dicotiledóneas y monocotiledóneas.
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