Estudios de conectividad del paisaje en América Latina: retos de investigación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2021.2712032Palabras clave:
buscadores de internet, flujos ecológicos, hábitat, Latinoamérica, revisión bibliográficaResumen
Los estudios enfocados a la conectividad del paisaje son actualmente claves para la planificación de la conservación de los ecosistemas; sin embargo, sólo un número limitado de estudios proporcionan datos empíricos sobre los beneficios de la conectividad en la conservación de los ecosistemas terrestres. En este estudio, se analizaron las publicaciones sobre estudios de conectividad particularmente para cuatro tópicos en América Latina de 2000 a 2018, para brindar una visión del estado actual, retos y avances del conocimiento. La búsqueda se realizó en diferentes bases de datos, las cuales se seleccionaron 217 trabajos. Todas las referencias seleccionadas fueron revisadas y clasificadas considerando: a) año de publicación, b) tipo de investigación, c) país de América Latina donde se realizó, d) área de estudio, e) tipo de ecosistema y f) objetivos de la investigación. Los resultados muestran que la mayor parte de los estudios de conectividad se realizan considerando los tópicos: a) de planificación para la restauración, b) modelado y planificación de la cobertura vegetal/uso del suelo y c) servicios ecosistémicos. Sin embargo, los trabajos publicados sobre conectividad y cambio climático han sido escasos. También fue posible identificar publicaciones que abordaron dos tópicos simultáneamente: a) estudios de modelado y planificación de la cobertura vegetal/uso del suelo con estudios de la planificación para la restauración, b) estudios en servicios ecosistémicos con cambio climático, and c) planificación para la restauración con cambio climático. Sin embargo, existe la necesidad de incrementar sustancialmente las investigaciones en los temas de conectividad en América latina.
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