Publicado 2022-03-17
Palabras clave
- agroforestal,
- desarrollo rural,
- desarrollo sustentable,
- prácticas agrícolas,
- uso del suelo
- agroforestry,
- rural development,
- sustainable development,
- agricultural practices,
- land use
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Métrica
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer las tendencias metodológicas en investigaciones sobre sistemas agroforestales (SAF), identificando dimensiones, enfoques, diseños y variables ambientales que se implementan en su desarrollo. Se empleo la revisión sistemática de literatura de estudios mundiales publicados entre el 2000 y 2020. Mediante frecuencia de citación, se estimó qué dimensiones, enfoques, diseños y variables ambientales se emplearon principalmente en los estudios. El análisis Chi-cuadrado identificó la asociación significativa entre diseños, dimensiones y variables ambientales; y se aplicó un análisis clúster no jerárquico para establecer la distribución de investigaciones con respecto a zonas geográficas, dimensiones y diseños. Se detectaron cuatro dimensiones de investigación: ecológica, social, económica y sistémica. Los enfoques con mayor citación en los estudios fueron: uso del suelo (0.823), manejo del Bosque (0.784), desarrollo comunitario (0.667), conservación de la biodiversidad (0.604), desarrollo rural (0.585) y cambio climático (0.680). Los diseños agroforestales se agruparon en secuenciales (70.0%) y simultáneos (90.0%) y las variables ambiéntales: edafológicas (84,0%), bióticas (70,0%) y socioeconómicas (60,0%) fueron mayormente citadas en las investigaciones. El análisis clúster determino que la dimensión sistémica se desarrolló en África (50.0%), Asia (26.92%) y Europa (23.07%), y la ecológica en América (50.0%) y Asia (30.01%); la social en África (33.3%) y la económica en Asia (10,2%). En conclusión, la dimensión sistémica predominó en la revisión resaltando el carácter sustentable de los SAF. Además, los enfoques, diseños y variables con mayor citación responden a las necesidades productivas de las comunidades y a las características ecológicas de los ecosistemas donde se gestionan estas tecnologías.
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