Análisis perceptual del mercado energético basado en biomasa lignocelulósica de origen arbóreo en Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2020.2632066Palabras clave:
oferta de mercado, demanda de mercado, dendroenergía, energías renovablesResumen
En la última década, la biomasa se ha convertido en una opción de energía renovable; sin embargo, la ausencia de estudios que permitan entender su mercado limita su implementación. El presente estudio analizó la percepción de los actores que componen el mercado de la biomasa vegetal con fines energéticos desde las perspectivas de productores, intermediarios y consumidores. Se encuestaron 52 productores, 33 intermediarios y 55 demandantes de biomasa arbórea de la zona norte de Costa Rica, estudiando el mercado desde la perspectiva técnica, ambiental, financiera y social e identificando las variables que limitan el mercado. Los resultados mostraron que para los aspectos ambientales y sociales hay una similitud de percepción entre los tres sectores; sin embargo, en los aspectos financieros y técnicos existen diferencias significativas en las percepciones, específicamente en el precio de la biomasa, en la homogeneidad de esta y en los costos asociados, además de la competencia con otras fuentes de biomasa agroindustrial. Los análisis mostraron que la variabilidad de la biomasa en cuanto a presentación afecta en 40,5% del mercado, la variación de especies en 24,8%, el contenido de humedad en 10,6%, la disponibilidad de biomasa en el tiempo en 8,4%, la organización y estructuración del mercado en 8,9% y otras variables suman el restante 6,8%. Esto hace necesaria una organización en cuanto a la venta de la biomasa y la correspondiente articulación entre ofertantes y demandantes con la participación de los intermediarios para la viabilidad del mercado de biomasa en Costa Rica.
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Madera y Bosques por Instituto de Ecología, A.C. se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
