Condición de copa de bosques y selvas de México: Análisis 2014
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2021.2712114Palabras clave:
categorías de salud, densidad de copa, indicador de salud forestal, muerte regresiva, transparencia de follaje.Resumen
Se presenta el análisis de los datos colectados en 2014 por el Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos (INFyS), para el indicador de salud forestal denominado condición de copa, el cual incluyó 88 162 árboles localizados en 1443 conglomerados. Las variables analizadas fueron: proporción de copa viva (Pcv), densidad de copa (DenC), transparencia de follaje (TraF) y muerte regresiva (Mreg), para las que se obtuvieron estadísticos descriptivos por géneros combinados, por grupo (coníferas y latifoliadas) y por género. También, se categorizó su salud con base en umbrales propuestos en estudios previos. Los valores promedio de Pcv, DenC, TraF, Mreg para géneros combinados fueron 35.9%, 44.4%, 50.6% y 2.6%, respectivamente, mientras que para latifoliadas fueron de forma recíproca 32.7%, 44.2%, 50.5% y 2.7% y, en coníferas, fueron 47.5%, 46.2%, 51.1% y 1.2%. Se presentan promedios para 18 géneros con n ≥ 1000. En cuanto a la salud, más de 50% de los árboles presentó una Pcv en la categoría pobre, 27.9% una DenC en la misma categoría, 60.26% una TraF severa y menos de 1%, una Mreg severa. Cincuenta y cuatro punto dos de cada cien de las latifoliadas presentaron Pcv pobre y 67% de las coníferas una TraF severa. Nayarit y Jalisco presentaron el arbolado de menor calidad de copas. Es prioritario generar estándares de copa propios, capacitar a las brigadas de campo y realizar las mediciones en la época apropiada. Este es el primer estudio sobre el indicador condición de copa en bosques y selvas de México, producto del esfuerzo del INFyS y la Gerencia de Sanidad de la Comisión Nacional Forestal.
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