Almacenes de carbono en un paisaje de humedal cárstico a lo largo de un corredor transversal costero de la Península de Yucatán
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2021.2742425Palabras clave:
biomasa aérea, carbono azul, manglares, marismas, pastos marinos, sedimentosResumen
Los humedales costeros son dinámicos y su variación depende de la intensidad e interacción entre los procesos continentales y marinos que los influencian. Estos humedales son altamente productivos y sustentan servicios ambientales relevantes para la mitigación de los efectos del cambio climático antropogénico. Considerando un enfoque paisajístico de conectividad entre los procesos costeros, se llevó a cabo la evaluación de los almacenes de C aéreo y subterráneo en ocho humedales. Estos conforman un paisaje continuo en la costa norte de Yucatán denominado corredor transversal costero. El almacén de C para el corredor correspondió a 3 837 160 Mg de C. El humedal de manglar chaparro presentó el mayor almacén de carbono total por unidad de área (371 Mg C ha-1), siendo también el dominante en extensión. El gradiente en el almacén de C aéreo entre humedales obedeció a patrones de inundación, elevación topográfica, salinidad intersticial y la tolerancia específica de las especies. Los manglares almacenaron más carbono por hectárea que los humedales dominados por herbáceas emergentes y por la vegetación sumergida. Los primeros estarían dominados por procesos de producción y acumulación de C, mientras que en los segundos la producción y el reciclamiento serían los más importantes, repercutiendo en una menor acumulación de C. Los resultados contribuyen al entendimiento de los patrones de almacenamiento de C en un gradiente salino y topográfico en paisajes integrados por humedales costeros cársticos. Los resultados podrán utilizarse para evaluar las afectaciones regionales potenciales en el mediano y largo plazo ocasionados por impactos naturales y antropogénicos.
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