Modelización y mapeo estacional del índice de área foliar en un bosque tropical seco usando imágenes de satélite de alta resolución
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2018.2431666Palabras clave:
datos espectrales, estiaje, índices de vegetación, lluvias, métricas de textura, regresión con krigingResumen
El índice de área foliar (IAF) proporciona información acerca de la cantidad de superficie fotosintética que existe en relación con la superficie total del ecosistema y se relaciona con procesos vitales como la fotosíntesis, la respiración y la productividad. Por lo tanto, es importante contar con información sobre la distribución espacial del IAF a escala de paisaje. El método indirecto más utilizado para la estimación del IAF se basa en imágenes de satélite y consiste en asociarlo con características espectrales e índices de vegetación. Sin embargo, estos índices tienen una fuerte limitación debido a problemas de saturación, lo cual restringe la posibilidad de generar mapas precisos de IAF, particularmente en bosques con altos niveles de biomasa. En el presente trabajo se obtuvieron modelos para mapear el IAF en un bosque tropical seco de Yucatán durante las estaciones de lluvia y estiaje a partir de imágenes de alta resolución, utilizando un procedimiento de regresión combinado con kriging. Este procedimiento integra la relación del IAF, tanto con datos espectrales y de textura de las imágenes, como con la dependencia espacial de los residuales. Se obtuvieron valores de IAF por medio de fotografías hemisféricas con una precisión aceptable y valores medios significativamente diferentes entre la temporada de lluvias (3.37) y la de estiaje (2.49). Los valores de R2aj de los modelos de regresión múltiple fueron de 0.58 y 0.63 para la temporada de lluvias y estiaje, respectivamente. En general, los resultados demuestran que, al utilizar el análisis de textura, se pueden generar modelos aceptables para la estimación del IAF en bosques tropicales secos con altos niveles de biomasa.
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