Efecto de rodales mixtos de haya y carpe en las propiedades del suelo y en los índices de diversidad de especies de plantas en bosques Hircanos, Irán
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2020.2632015Palabras clave:
conservación de la biodiversidad, diversidad del estrato herbáceo, composición de especies, riqueza de especies, manejo forestal sustentableResumen
Determinar el efecto de los rodales mixtos de haya y carpe sobre la diversidad del estrato herbáceo es esencial para la conservación de la biodiversidad y la silvicultura sostenible. De este tema se conoce poco en los bosques Hyrcanian y, por ello, en este trabajo se estudian los efectos de los rodales mixtos de hayas y carpe sobre la diversidad del sotobosque y las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo en los bosques Hircanos, en Irán. Se establecieron 40 parcelas mediante un muestreo sistemático aleatorio con una retícula regular de 100 m × 200 m. En cada punto de muestreo, se registró la identidad de las especies y el porcentaje de cobertura de los estratos herbáceo y arbóreo, dentro de parcelas 400 m2 (20 m × 20 m) y 100 m2 (10 m × 10 m). Se tomaron muestras de suelo a profundidades de 0 cm - 10 cm y 10 cm - 30 cm. Se utilizó el análisis de conglomerados para clasificar las muestras con base en los datos de composición florística. También se empleó el método de análisis de correspondencia sin tendencia (DCA) para evaluar la relación entre la vegetación y las variables ambientales. No hubo diferencias significativas en términos de riqueza de especies, uniformidad y diversidad entre los rodales mixtos de hayas y de carpe, pero el análisis de conglomerados indicó que estos rodales estaban separados en dos grupos diferentes, basado en la composición de especies por estrato. Los resultados del DCA mostraron que el espesor de la hojarasca, la textura del suelo, el nitrógeno total y el carbono orgánico en la primera capa se consideraron variables ambientales efectivas en la distribución de las parcelas de muestreo en dos rodales. Se observó que la composición del estrato arbóreo y las características del suelo contribuyeron de manera crucial a las variaciones de la composición de las especies del sotobosque que pueden cambiar con los enfoques de manejo forestal con el tiempo. Por lo tanto, la composición del estrato arbóreo y los atributos del suelo pueden considerarse factores efectivos para controlar y evaluar la composición de las especies de plantas del sotobosque. Además, estos hallazgos podrían proporcionar directrices para la conservación de la diversidad de especies vegetales dentro de cualquier marco de ordenamiento forestal sostenible en los bosques Hircanos.
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Madera y Bosques por Instituto de Ecología, A.C. se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
